Plasma Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Reveals Dysfunction of a Neural Correlation Network.

Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) is an emerging source of potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in sEV is not well understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of sEV-derived miRNAs in AD using small RNA sequencing and coexpression network analysis. We examined a total of 158 samples, including 48 from AD patients, 48 from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 62 from healthy controls. We identified an miRNA network module (M1) that was strongly linked to neural function and showed the strongest association with AD diagnosis and cognitive impairment. The expression of miRNAs in the module was decreased in both AD and MCI patients compared to controls. Conservation analysis revealed that M1 was highly preserved in the healthy control group but dysfunctional in the AD and MCI groups, suggesting that changes in the expression of miRNAs in this module may be an early response to cognitive decline prior to the appearance of AD pathology. We further validated the expression levels of the hub miRNAs in M1 in an independent population. The functional enrichment analysis showed that 4 hub miRNAs might interact with a GDF11-centered network and play a critical role in the neuropathology of AD. In summary, our study provides new insights into the role of sEV-derived miRNAs in AD and suggests that M1 miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD.

Paternalistic leadership as an antecedent: Examining the comprehensive model of nurse's life satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Paternalistic leadership style has progressively intrigued organisational behaviour study in the last two decades. An abundance of research is integrating the existing literature on leadership and positive organizational culture to better understand the processes through which leadership leads to life satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: One such mechanism through which specific leaders influence life satisfaction is work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Paternalistic leadership is a significant antecedent to develop subordinates' life satisfaction because it integrates discipline with fatherly support. However, no research exists to date on the effect of paternalistic leaders on subordinate' WFC and FWC, which in turn affects their life satisfaction. METHOD: The current study examines the impact of paternalistic leadership on employee life satisfaction using a sample of 198 nurses from public sector hospitals of Sindh province in Pakistan. The data was collected through survey questionnaires, and Smart-PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between paternalistic leadership and life satisfaction. At the same time, there were significant mediation effects on life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that paternalistic leadership positively impacted life happiness through decreasing followers' WFC. However, it has a detrimental influence on FWC, which mediates the effect on subordinates' life satisfaction.

Polychronicity, Time Perspective, and Procrastination Behavior at the Workplace: An Empirical Study

Deben resolverse los deberes diarios, las tareas, las diversas situaciones y las decisiones. Sin embargo, con frecuencia postergamos las actividades críticas para más tarde debido a una sobrecarga de información de diversas fuentes, un número excesivo de tareas, el ritmo de vida rápido, etc. El comportamiento de procrastinación impide el desarrollo de todas las organizaciones. El objetivo principal es identificar las posibles diferencias en la procrastinación y el uso adecuado de la policronicidad en un contexto transcultural. Se consideró una muestra de 281 empleados de industrias manufactureras en Pakistán. Las hipótesis propuestas en este estudio fueron probadas mediante la técnica de Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Los hallazgos indicaron que la policronicidad aumentó el comportamiento de procrastinación, el papel de la influencia de la mediación de conflictos. Además, la autonomía laboral actúa como un moderador negativo de la influencia de la policronicidad en el papel de los sucesos de conflicto, debilitando así todo el proceso de mediación entre la policronicidad y la conducta procrastinadora individual. Finalmente, los resultados se utilizan para mostrar las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas del modelo.(AU)

Daily duties, tasks, various situations, and decisions must be re-solved. However, it is frequently the case that we defer critical activities till later due to an overload of information from many sources, an excessive number of duties, the quick pace of life, and so on. Procrastination behav-ior impedes the development of every organization. The main objective is to identify possible differences in procrastination and the proper use of polychronicity in a cross-cultural context. A sample of 281 employees of manufacturing industries in Pakistan was considered. A study proposed hypotheses were tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The findings indicated that polychronicity increased procrasti-nating behavior, the role of conflict mediation influence. Furthermore, job autonomy acts as a negative moderator of polychronicity influence on the role of conflict occurrences, therefore weakening the entire mediating pro-cess between polychronicity and individual procrastinating behaviour. Fi-nally, the results are used to show the model's theoretical and practical im-plications.(AU)

Comparative Study of PD-L1 Expression in Different Sites of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a biomarker for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is routinely detected in clinical pathology department. However, the spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary tumors and extrapulmonary metastases is still a challenge for the clinical testing. This study aims to explore the differences of PD-L1 expression in test samples obtaining from different sites of NSCLC. This study may contribute to the detection strategy of PD-L1 in patients with advanced lung cancer.@*METHODS@#One hundred and thirty-one cases of consecutively detected PD-L1 (22c3 assay, Dako) staining in metastatic NSCLC and 972 cases of non-paired intrapulmonary NSCLC were collected. The discrepancies of tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary samples and extrapulmonary metastatic samples of different sites were compared.@*RESULTS@#The positive expression rate of PD-L1 in extrapulmonary metastatic NSCLC (TPS ≥ 1%) was 61.83%, and the TPS was significantly higher than that in intrapulmonary tumors (P=0.03). The PD-L1 scores of the specimens obtained from different sites were significantly different (P=0.007). The positive rates of PD-L1 in liver and adrenal metastases were 85.71% and 77.78% respectively, and their TPS were significantly higher than that of the intrapulmonary samples (P<0.05). The positive rates of PD-L1 in lymph node, bone, brain, soft tissue, and pleural metastases was 40.00%-66.67%, with no significant differences compared to intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of histological subtype and sample type showed that the PD-L1 score of extrapulmonary samples of adenocarcinoma subtype or surgical specimen was significantly higher than that of intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of clinicopathological parameters showed that the PD-L1 positive expression or high expression were significantly correlated with male patients, smoking history, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of PD-L1 in metastatic NSCLC is generally higher than that in intrapulmonary tumor, and the positive rate of PD-L1 expression was discrepant in different sites of specimen. The differences of PD-L1 score between extrapulmonary metastatic samples and intrapulmonary samples may be associated with different metastatic sites, histological subtype, and specimen type.

Intermediary role of experiential avoidance in neurosis and posttraumatic stress response in firefighters / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of experiential avoidance on neurosis and posttraumatic stress response in firefighters. METHODS: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 275 male firefighters from 26 Fire Alarm squadrons in a province of China.The Neuroticism subscale of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition, and the Impact of Event Scale were used to investigate the relationship of neurosis, experiential avoidance and posttraumatic stress response. RESULTS: The median score of neurosis, experiential avoidance and posttraumatic stress response was 5, 21 and 15, respectively. Both neurosis and experiential avoidance were positively correlated with posttraumatic stress syndromes(Spearman correlation coefficient were 0.45 and 0.45, P<0.01). The total effect of neurosis on posttraumatic stress response in firefighters was 0.57. The intermediary role of experiential avoidance on neurosis and posttraumatic stress response was 0.19, accounting for 33.33% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Experiential avoidance plays a partial positive mediating role between neurosis and posttraumatic stress response in firefighters.

Study on the intermediary factors on the influence of personality traits in post-traumatic stress response of armed police soldiers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating role of social support,psychological resilience and rumination between personality traits and post-traumatic stress response,and discover methods for controlling and intervening post-traumatic stress response in armed police soldiers. METHODS: By judgment sampling method,895 armed police soldiers were selected and investigated by simple version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Traumatic Event Scale of Essen Trauma Inventory,Perceived Social Support Scale,Rumination Reaction Scale,Resilience Scale and Impact of Event ScaleRevised. RESULTS: There were 22. 46%( 201/895) of armed police soldiers who had experienced traumatic events. The scores of post-traumatic stress response were( 34. 6 ± 13. 3). The soldiers with light,medium and heavy levels of posttraumatic stress response were 33. 33%,45. 77% and 20. 90%,respectively. The psychoticism and neuroticism dimension in personality traits of soldiers in trauma group were negatively correlated with social support and psychological resilience( P < 0. 01),and positively correlated with rumination and the level of post-traumatic stress response( P < 0. 01). The extraversion dimension in personality traits was positively correlated with social support and psychological resilience( P <0. 01) and negatively correlated with rumination and the level of post-traumatic stress reactions( P < 0. 05). The personality traits had direct effect on the level of post-traumatic stress response( P < 0. 01),but there was no direct effect after adding mediators( P > 0. 05). Through social support,rumination and psychological resilience,personality traits could produce multiple mediating effects on the level of post-traumatic stress response. The social support and rumination showed mediating effect that accounting for 86. 61% of the total mediating effect. CONCLUSION: The social support,psychological resilience and rumination had mediating effect in personality traits and level of post-traumatic stress response.The social support and rumination are two key factors of the intermediate path,which is the main point of psychological rescue and intervention for the armed police soldiers.